The term Gambling refers to the betting or staking of something of value, such as money, goods or services, on an uncertain event. The outcome may be determined by chance or the exercise of skill. The activity involves risk and hope of gain, and instances of strategy are discounted. Some forms of gambling are legal, such as horse races and lotteries, and others are illegal or socially unacceptable. The majority of people who engage in gambling do not experience negative consequences, but some individuals suffer significant harm. People with problem gambling often hide their activity, attempt to control it or rationalize its impact on themselves and others.
Many people develop gambling problems because of other underlying mood disorders such as depression or anxiety, which can cause impulsivity and trigger or worsen gambling. Symptoms of these disorders can also interfere with a person’s ability to make sound decisions. People with a history of these disorders should seek treatment before trying to control their gambling problem.
Research suggests that some individuals may have an underactive brain reward system, which can lead to impulsivity and sensation-seeking behaviours. This can be aggravated by the presence of stress and anxiety, or by certain medications, such as antidepressants and stimulants. Biological differences in impulse-control and decision-making have also been linked to gambling behaviour. These include variation in how people process reward information, control their impulses and weigh risk.
Most adults and adolescents have placed some form of bet or wager. However, a subset of these individuals experience significant problems related to their gambling behaviour, and this is termed Gambling Disorder, which is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). People who struggle with problem gambling may use other terms, such as compulsive or addictive gambling.
The prevalence of gambling has increased with advances in technology and accessibility. In addition to casinos and land-based betting centres, there are now online gambling sites and video games that allow people to place bets from anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. Many of these games require no capital investment or monetary exchange, and players can bet as much or as little as they want.
Unlike commercial gambling, private or social gambling typically involves only modest amounts of money and is undertaken for recreation and social interaction rather than profit. In this type of gambling, bets are placed on events such as football matches or horse races with friends or family members in a home setting. Other examples of private or social gambling involve the wagering of items of minimal value, such as marbles or trading card game pieces, without the involvement of money.
Dealing with a loved one who has a gambling problem can be emotionally challenging. Those who care for people with gambling issues may find it difficult to accept their requests or avoid hiding evidence of their addiction. Seeking support from others who have experienced similar situations can help family members to recognise that their actions are causing harm and to take steps towards recovery.
